COURSE: M.A ENGLISH
SEMESTER: 3
BATCH: 2016-2018
ENROLMENT
NO- 2069108420170010
SUBMITTED
TO –Dr. Dilip Barad
SMT .S.B.GAEDI
SMT .S.B.GAEDI
DEPARTMENT
OF ENGLISH
MAHARAJA
KRISHNAKUMARSINHJI BHAVNAGER UNIVERSITY
PARER NO- 11 The postcolonial Literature .
Introduction:
The field of Postcolonial Studies is one of
the academic discipline that has arisen
in an attempt to amend or replace radical theories of social power since the
alleged discrediting of Marxism. Together with intellectual constructions like
feminism, queer theory and other manifestations of postmodernism, it has won
the attention of many academics who despair of grand narratives, logo centrism,
historicism and progressive teleology.
Possessed by pessimism and
often babbling in tongues, these intellectuals "theorize" the agonies
of the dispossessed while serving on tenure committees . the
use of cognate terms "Commonwealth" and "Third World" that
were used to describe the literature of Europe's former colonies has become
rarer. Although there is considerable debate over the precise parameters of the
field and the definition of the term "postcolonial," in a very
general sense.
Allegory literary term and
allegory is actually, the use of characters events or ideas in the novel
literary. text that are used to illustrate or show the larger concept.
Something that is not directly said but it's implied rather this larger concept
, that just relate to a number of different things for instance this larger
concepts pointing.
To something political or it could be
something religious, it could be historical or social either way whatever the
larger concept is directly pertaining to the whole point of the allegory. is
that the author is using the text to provide his or her own commentary, on the
subject matter in other word the author is investing and putting their own
opinion into literary text . Or can be identify this allegory is almost like hidden message it's the
authors on hidden message that they want to get across in the novel .
The word allegory has been derived from the “Greek” word allegoria , meaning to speak in other terms . Which means speaking otherwise translation. in allegory is almost about double meaning. The representation of abstract principle by characters or figure a picture book or other form of communication. using such representation symbolic representation, which can be interpreted to revise a hidden meaning usually or more or political one.
The word allegory has been derived from the “Greek” word allegoria , meaning to speak in other terms . Which means speaking otherwise translation. in allegory is almost about double meaning. The representation of abstract principle by characters or figure a picture book or other form of communication. using such representation symbolic representation, which can be interpreted to revise a hidden meaning usually or more or political one.
Allegory is an extended
narrative where more is mint than meets
the eye or the year for example which carries a second winning along with its
surface story.
Allegory has long been a prominent feature of
literary and mythic writing throughout the world, but it becomes particularly
significant for post-colonial. writers
for the way in which it disrupts notions of orthodox history, classical realism
and imperial representation in general.
Allegory has assumed an
important function in imperial discourse, in which paintings and statues have
often been created as allegories of imperial power. Consequently, one form of
post-colonial response to this has been to appropriate allegory and use it to
respond to the allegorical representation of imperial dominance.
Third World literatures, indeed
all Third World cultural constructions, are ‘necessarily’ national allegories.
This means, firstly, that post-colonial cultures may use allegory to ‘read’ the
text of colonialism So much of the life of the colonized subject has been
constructed by, that is, metaphorically. the use of the allegorical form seeks to
replace monolithic traditions with a cross-cultural pluralism.
‘post-colonial’ allegory
contests and disrupts the narrative assumptions of colonialism, such as the
inevitability of ‘development’, of ‘progress’, of ‘civilization’, the dominance
of the chronological view of history, the Euro-centric view of ‘the real’. By
reinforcing the fact that ‘real’ events occupy various horizons of meaning, post-colonial
allegory becomes a common strategy of resistance in post-colonial texts.
What is post colonialism:
Literature written after
the colonizing countries, left the colonization of the countries, which were
ruling the countries. in Asia and Africa when they left when they granted
freedom, to those countries . who went away to their own land and the people,
of the colonized countries they started writing in the same language .
For example, English why did they learn English? and
write in English or French why?
So, language and culture is newer to a foreign
culture to of foreign language. like Indian English and if they learn English
they would Rise Above their one people. so he introduced and this people British, has
changed the complete education system and when the Britishers life.
The country, so there was a
change in writing people who were purely of one country,
one culture,
one had age,
one language, they were introduced but different language different culture so
what happened there was a culture shock in with there was a language shock in
the beginning. and then they expressive their children day web on in
environment. which was having intermixing of both the culture and language. and
that's how hybrid, hybridization the mixing, with two culture took place and a
new short of writing.
Image
and the critic they called postcolonial
writing. post colonialism it image in India it imagine Africa and all of the
countries where the colonizing countries had stayed for more than century .
Anti
colonialism:
The political struggle of
colonized peoples against the specific ideology and practice of colonialism Anti-signifies
the point at which the various forms of opposition become articulated as a
resistance to the operations of colonialism in political, economic and cultural
institutions. It emphasizes the need to reject colonial power and restore local
control.
Paradoxically, anti-colonialist movements
often expressed themselves in the appropriation and subversion of forms
borrowed from the institutions of the colonizer and turned back on them.
Thus the struggle was often articulated in
terms of a discourse of anti-colonial ‘nationalism’ in which the form of the
modern European nation-state was taken over and employed as a sign of
resistance Anti-colonialism has taken many forms in different colonial
situations; it is sometimes associated with an ideology of racial liberation,
as in the case of nineteenth-century West African nationalists such as Edward Wilmot
In the second half of the twentieth
century,
anti-colonialism was often
articulated in terms of a radical, Marxist discourse of liberation, and in
constructions that sought to reconcile the internationalist and anti-elitist
demands of Marxism with the nationalist sentiments of the period (National
Liberation Fronts), in the work and theory of early national liberationist
thinkers.
Anti colonialism the movement that oppose
colonialism. Anti colonial struggle the opinion war through film more lasted
from 1839 to 1842 It begin because the British kept trafficking opium through
India into the China . China in British were doing this because they really
wanted to trade Chinese birth cake new opium was only product that China could
not produce for itself, so the British
wanted to trade with China. China site
no we already have everything we need and then the British said oh wait but we
have got this opinion in China said we don't really want either but the British
food traffic it through India and then into China and threaded there even
through .
Apartheid :
It was a system of racial segregation that governed South Africa for nearly 50 years. Separators it was a system of racial segregation that governed south Africa. it specifically aimed to protect the domination of the white South Africans over non whites in every aspect of life but it didn't just appear out of thin air during the colonial grab for the country.
It was a system of racial segregation that governed South Africa for nearly 50 years. Separators it was a system of racial segregation that governed south Africa. it specifically aimed to protect the domination of the white South Africans over non whites in every aspect of life but it didn't just appear out of thin air during the colonial grab for the country.
between the Dutch descended African and the
British the rights of native black South Africans , where Show episode was
officially made low in 1948 by the African lead national party. it was the contribution of in justice already
happening African , believe that South Africa was there god.
Given Homeland and that the
white race was superior the black majority was therefore seen as a threat there
were loss blacks had to carry it permits
at all times in head office trick .
When did people were classified into four wrestle, categories white black Indian . and colored people, of mixers race and they where old separated into different residential areas blacks where divided into so call Homeland based on tribal group. rural overcrowded and lack jobs forcing black to seek work as migrate labor.
When did people were classified into four wrestle, categories white black Indian . and colored people, of mixers race and they where old separated into different residential areas blacks where divided into so call Homeland based on tribal group. rural overcrowded and lack jobs forcing black to seek work as migrate labor.
Wage Vellore and it was illegal for workers to
strict see appetite was also economically, motivated cheap workforce was needed
particular to work in the countries. goldmines powerful Mini magnet had a huge
stake in apartheid, policies since there
profit depend on keeping black wag.
Law outside there designed home. And non
white had no political rights since they were not technically citizen. they cannot education also divided bus stand
setup separate education system, for
black that receive fraction of funding that white schools. did mandatory education and died.
At the age 13 funnel blacks in into menial
migrate labor exploitation by design needleless. to say there was resistance to this instance
law protects, where of fun lead black
students and youth where met with several preparation out of this struggle.
Conclusion:
A theory of the operation of
the world economic, social and political system, formulated by Immanuel
Wallerstein .The chief assertion of this theory is that the capitalist system
has been the world economic system since the sixteenth century and that one
cannot talk about economies in terms of the nation-state, nor of ‘society’ in
the abstract, nor of ‘stages’ of progress , because each society is affected
by, indeed is a part of, the capitalist world profits .
World system theory emerged as
a refutation of modernization theory, which tended to (a) concentrate on the nation-state,
(b) assume that all countries follow a similar path of growth, (c) disregard
transnational structures and (d) base explanations on historical ideal types.
The proposition of one world capitalist system in operation since the sixteenth
century radically affects how we view not only world economics but also
national politics, class, ethnicity and international relations in general. For
instance, the theory rejects the concept of a ‘society’ as a unit of analysis
in favor of two systems of production: WORLD SYSTEM THEORY 223 ‘mini-systems’
that are localized and of short duration, and the world system itself .
Reference:
Works Cited
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths.
"POST-COLONIAL." Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths. POST-COLONIA.
francisco: francisco group, n.d. 305.
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